Kew gardens by virginia woold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kew plants by virginia woold - Essay Example Impressionism thinks about the typical, and the snail in Kew Gardens is any day ordinary; so are the leaves and the rocks, blossoms and butterflies. Both the developments advocate incredible activities in intense brilliant hues. Kew Gardens records solid irregular flashes of hues by method of its delightful pictures. Impressionistic works see development as a prompt consequence of human experience. Woolf was excited about investigating the topic of development in the regular and human world; particularly in the human mind. The enlivened work of art shows this whirlwind of developments: the falling leaves, fluttering butterflies, reluctant snail and the driven human middle that perseveres as a tunnel of every single streaming idea, words, voices. The darkened human picture in conscious threatening dark and earthy colored, which on more critical look is an optical fantasy picture, speaks to Woolf’s numerous characters and their passage of musings going wild at different edges. I t draws out the strong disengagement against the scenery of the desolates of the Great War. Believing the picture to be a female, it implies the forlornness/widowhood a great deal of ladies needed to experience following the war. If not, the picture expect the mind of a distanced mind which is so obviously spoke to by all the characters, particularly the feeble man, William, Simon and the cumbersome house cleaner. The human profile additionally depicts the subject of thoughtfulness. The snail that is conspicuously delineated in the canvas isn't an image of dormancy and misery. Or maybe it mirrors a feeling of direction and positive thinking. The fine art effectively typifies this thought by getting its profile in mid air, gazing upward and choosing. The showcase of appearance in regular light is an out and out trademark depicted well in that-period work. The work of art has effectively caught the sparkle of reflected light in tones of the red, blue and yellow petals that stud the co rner hull of the canvas. Post-impressionistic class had faith in holding the essential shapes and geometrical examples as appeared by the fine art. There are heart-and tongue-formed leaves, and the stones, butterflies, snail are delineated in clean sharp strokes. THE SHORT STORY Linear account takes a back foot in Virginia Woolf’s composing and she liberally utilizes continuous flow and inside monolog to develop her story. Kew Gardens is set against the setting of an antagonized world delivered by the war and industrialisation. The peruser needs to plumb for the social setting in which Woolf picked Kew Gardens. The nursery was enhanced by progressive executives to uncover a Victorian wonder. Be that as it may, the war managed a serious blow where the nursery space was developed to take into account the food deficiency. Its picture was influenced and pioneer essayists like Woolf couldn’t help sourcing this broke view in their composition. Woolf offers us an awe inspirin g amusing treatment by picking the setting of Kew Gardens-a spot where individuals want reprieve and recovery. She stresses geometrical examples and diverted light. Along these lines the nursery turns into an amusing image where human dramatization is dismissed and the made characteristic space turns into a mobile ground for distance and unsettled presence. The friendship of each pair is unexpected as well. They’re with one another however walk the ground alone. The elderly person might be the traditional scene of feebleness however we locate that one in each pair at different purposes of time

Free Essays on Rehabilitation of Criminals in America

Recovery of Criminals in America Jail prisoners, are probably the most  ³maladjustedâ ² individuals in the public arena. A large portion of the prisoners have had too little control or to an extreme, originate from broken homes, and have no confidence. They are very uncertain and are  ³at war with themselves just as with societyâ ² (Szumski 20). Most prisoners didn't learn virtues or figure out how to follow ordinary standards. Likewise, when most offenders are named lawbreakers they enter the period of auxiliary aberrance. They will concede they are lawbreakers or trust it when they enter the period of auxiliary aberrance (Doob 171). Next, some accept that on the off chance that we need to restore crooks we should accomplish something other than send them to jail. For example, we could allow them to gain work abilities; which will improve the chances that prisoners will become profitable residents upon discharge. The projects must intend to change those who need to change. The individuals who are instructed to create valuable merchandise and to be gainful are  ³likely to build up the confidence basic to an ordinary, incorporated personalityâ ² (Szumski 21). This sort of program would give abilities and propensities and  ³replace the feeling of hopelessnessâ ² that numerous prisoners have (Szumski 21). In addition, another strategy used to restore crooks is advising. There is two kinds of directing all in all, individual and gathering guiding. Singular directing is substantially more exorbitant than bunch directing. The point of gathering advising is to create positive companion pressure that will impact its individuals. One thought in numerous humanism content is that bunch critical thinking has clear focal points over singular critical thinking. The thought is that a more extensive assortment of arrangements can be gotten by drawing from the experience of a few people with various foundations. Additionally one people issue may have as of now been explained by another gathering part and can be proposed. Regularly if a friend proposes a ... Free Essays on Rehabilitation Of Criminals In America Free Essays on Rehabilitation Of Criminals In America Restoration of Criminals in America Jail detainees, are probably the most  ³maladjustedâ ² individuals in the public eye. A large portion of the prisoners have had too little order or to an extreme, originate from broken homes, and have no confidence. They are very shaky and are  ³at war with themselves just as with societyâ ² (Szumski 20). Most detainees didn't learn virtues or figure out how to follow ordinary standards. Likewise, when most offenders are marked hoodlums they enter the period of auxiliary abnormality. They will concede they are crooks or trust it when they enter the period of auxiliary abnormality (Doob 171). Next, some accept that on the off chance that we need to restore crooks we should accomplish something other than send them to jail. For example, we could allow them to gain work abilities; which will improve the chances that detainees will become beneficial residents upon discharge. The projects must mean to change those who need to change. The individuals who are instructed to deliver valuable merchandise and to be profitable are  ³likely to build up the confidence basic to an ordinary, incorporated personalityâ ² (Szumski 21). This sort of program would give aptitudes and propensities and  ³replace the feeling of hopelessnessâ ² that numerous prisoners have (Szumski 21). Besides, another strategy used to restore lawbreakers is directing. There is two kinds of directing when all is said in done, individual and gathering guiding. Singular directing is substantially more exorbitant than bunch directing. The point of gathering guiding is to create positive friend pressure that will impact its individuals. One thought in numerous human science content is that bunch critical thinking has positive favorable circumstances over singular critical thinking. The thought is that a more extensive assortment of arrangements can be gotten by drawing from the experience of a few people with various foundations. Likewise one people issue may have as of now been understood by another gathering part and can be proposed. Frequently if a companion proposes a ... Free Essays on Rehabilitation of Criminals in America Recovery OF CRIMINALS IN AMERICA Prison detainees, are the absolute most  ³maladjustedâ ² individuals in the public arena. The vast majority of the prisoners have had too little control or to an extreme, originate from broken homes, and have no confidence. They are shaky and are  ³at war with themselves just as with societyâ ² (Szumski 20). Most prisoners didn't learn virtues or figure out how to follow ordinary standards. Additionally, when most crooks are marked hoodlums they enter the period of auxiliary aberrance. They will concede they are hoodlums or trust it when they enter the period of auxiliary abnormality (Doob 171). Next, some accept that on the off chance that we need to restore crooks we should accomplish something other than send them to jail. For example, we could allow them to gain work aptitudes; which will improve the odds that detainees will become beneficial residents upon discharge. The projects must intend to change the individuals who need to change. The individuals who are instructed to create helpful merchandise and to be profitable are  ³likel! y to build up the confidence fundamental to an ordinary, coordinated personalityâ ² (Szumski 21). This sort of program would give abilities and propensities and  ³replace the feeling of hopelessnessâ ² that numerous detainees have (Szumski 21). Also, another method used to restore lawbreakers is guiding. There is two sorts of advising as a rule, individual and gathering guiding. Singular directing is considerably more expensive than bunch guiding. The point of gathering advising is to create positive friend pressure that will impact its individuals. One thought in numerous human science content is that bunch critical thinking has unequivocal points of interest over individual critical thinking. The thought is that a more extensive assortment of arrangements can be gotten by drawing from the experience of a few people with various foundations. Likewise one people issue may have just been illuminated by another gathering part and can be recommended. Frequently if a companion propos es...

Religion in Science for Darwin and Marx - Literature Essay Samples

Both Karl Marx and Charles Darwin have proven themselves to be strong voices against the chorus in their respective fields, particularly in their quintessential works, The Communist Manifesto by Marx, and The Descent of Man by Darwin. Both writers are recognized as accomplished scientists, who hoped to better the understanding of the world around them through their works, albeit in ways distinct from one another. Yet a clear similarity is their repudiation of religion. Both authors suggest that religion is a concept incompatible with science. Marx is less concerned with the ideas and concepts addressed by religion, but by the medium through which they are presented. As a social construct, Marx believes that organized religion would be a remnant of the bourgeois ruling class, if it continues to exist in a communist state. If people in a communist state still had a need to congregate and express religious sentiments, then Marx would opine that the people were oppressed in their everyday lives and the revolution had failed to do what it sought to. Marx concludes therefore, that religion is incompatible with Communism, which, as a scientists, he believes is the most equitable social structure. Darwin, though his ideas seemingly bear the most contrast to traditional Christian views, does not discount the usefulness of organized religion. He states, especially in defense of his work, that religion and the natural sciences are used to solve distinct issues. He believes that science should answer questions within our field of understanding, so we can better understand and interact with our environment, while religion should (and is) used for questions b eyond our perception, such as death, and purpose of life. Darwin’s views are superior to Marx because they clearly define boundaries between religion and science and more realistically acknowledge the limits of both the scientific and religious world, in comparison to Marx’s somewhat idealistic expectations of a religion-free, communist society. Karl Marx begins The Communist Manifesto with powerful and poetic prose: â€Å"A spectre is haunting Europe- the spectre of communism,† (Marx 71). Marx refers to his political theory of Communism, which he attempts to persuade the reader is both necessary and inevitable, through the course of his text. In Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, Marx powerfully declares that â€Å"[r]eligion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people,† (Marx Introduction, 1). Marx’s language expresses what could be called heresy for the time, for it dissents against one, if not the most, powerful social and economic force in the world. Marx never published this work, quite understandably, but he delivers a similar, though diluted, message to reach as many people as possible in The Communist Manifesto. Marx states that â€Å"man’s ideas, views, and conceptions, in one word , man’s consciousness, changes with every change in the conditions of his material existence, in his social relations and in his social life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Marx 90). Clearly, Marx believes that with the changing of the political system, from Capitalism to Communism, a change he advocates, certain ideas and sentiments that once were prevalent, must come to an end. However, the reader is told explicitly that those ideas are religious: The history of all past society has consisted in the development of class antagonisms, antagonisms that assumed different forms at different epochs. But whatever form they may have taken, one fact is common to all past ages, viz., the exploitation of one part of society by the other. No wonder then, that the social consciousness of past ages, despite all the multiplicity and variety it displays, moves within certain common forms, or general ideas, which cannot completely vanish except with the total disappearance of class antagonisms (Marx 91). Put simply, Marx believes that ‘general ideas’ in society, which tend to have religious connotation or tone, change form following the change of that society. These ideas tend to be in retaliation to the current ruling class at the time, or at the very least seek salvation from the ruling class. However, with every change of society, the one constant is that a ruling class has remained. Now, with the advent of Communism, a change will take place in society so that there is no ‘ruling class’, which will, consequently, see the end of what is known to be ‘organized religion’. In essence, the communist society that the people will live in replaces the need for organized religion as a medium for those ideas that retaliate against the ruling class to be expressed, because class distinctions have fallen away. Some may wonder if Marx would be open to having organized religion in a communist state even if Communism is successful. Perhaps one would offer the counter argument that even if remnants of organized religion remain in a successful communist state, it is a helpful place for community worship or reflection. While the sentiment seems persuasive, Marx would most likely state that remnants of organized religion prove that a communist state isn’t successful. So long as organized religion still exists, the people are still oppressed, and the communist revolution has failed. Marx’s argument falls apart at this juncture: while there are no apparent logical flaws, he makes the crucial mistake of assuming complete adherence by the people to the principles of the communist state without accounting for corruption, greed, and a desire for power. Ironically, the faith he puts in his political system is what compromises the integrity of his argument. Marx’s argument is reliant on the unconditional success of the communist revolution in bringing peace and prosperity to the oppressed proletariat. While theoretically this would seem to be an optimal situation, subjecting these ideas to the realities of human nature reveals their inherent flaws. A few examples include an imperfect communist state, where the political system acts more like a socialist state or dictatorship. This can, especially with hindsight examples of failed communist states, be proven to be a confounding variable in Marx’s plan. Additionally, Marx assumes that the people is he ushering into Communism will be accepting of losing a familiar place of worship, and being told to place their faith in a political system for their prosperity or security. The successes of Marx’s political theory depends on the overly optimistic view that people can easily abandon such deeply held religious principles. Marx acts as an optimist in this situation, to a fault. Darwin, however, understands that a reliance on a single mode of thought or way of living to provide societal structure is not practical or realistic. Darwin demonstrates this understanding in his work, The Descent of Man: I am aware that the conclusions arrived at in this work will be denounced by some as highly irreligious; but he who denounces them is bound to shew why it is more irreligious to explain the origin of man as a distinct species by descent from some lower form, through the laws of variation and natural selection, than to explain the birth of the individual through the laws of ordinary reproduction. The birth both of the species and of the individual are equally parts of that grand sequence of events, which our minds refuse to accept as the result of blind chance. The understanding revolts at such a conclusion, whether or not we are able to believe that every slight variation of structure,- the union of each pair in marriage, -the dissemination of each seed, -and other such events, have all been ordained for some special purpose (Darwin 249). Darwin, in a somewhat defensive paragraph expresses that his theory of evolution does not need to be ‘godless’. In his own words, Darwin challenges his critics in asking why proving the origin of species is more irreligious than understanding the science behind human birth. For Darwin, the study of birth and the study of the origin of species serve a similar purpose: to better understand how the environments of living species work in order to more efficiently live in those environments. He explains that he is not contradicting the whole of religion, but perhaps that his works contradict one account of Christian creation in the Bible. Additionally, he explains how understanding the process of evolution does not substitute for the concept of divine purpose, the idea that everything was created for a reason by God, because his scientific theory does not explain every aspect of life. He recognizes, in this, that religion attempts to answer the questions that science can’t answer. â€Å"What is the meaning of life?† â€Å"Who or what created the Universe?† Where concepts of science (such as the theory of evolution) fall short, religion steps in to offer suggestions towards understanding. It is in this way, that Darwin’s argument demonstrates superiority to Marx’s. Darwin does not make the crucial mistake of having unrealistic expectations of his scientific systems. He acknowledges that his system has limits, in that it cannot answer a certain type of question, that religion offers answers to. While not offering his opinion on whether or not those answers are right, he allows the idea s of religion to exist legitimately. Because he allows for these two distinct systems to exist without conflict, they act as a fail safe for each other, allowing ideas to float between the two. If something cannot be explained by science, it may be explained by religion. Both Marx and Darwin present convincing arguments as to the place of religion in a scientific world, but Darwin’s argument has some significant advantages over Marx’s. Marx makes the mistake of assuming that his scientific system of Communism will be completely and totally accepted by those who are subjects of it. Marx also fails to adequately address concerns his audience would naturally have about losing religion. He counters simply with an argument about the benefits of Communism. In all likelihood, this would make his dissenters more irate. Darwin, however, manages to avoid these mistakes by readily acknowledging and explicating the differences between religion and science, and accepting each system without finding conflict between them. Additionally, the differences between religion and science that Darwin outlines, allow for new information to prompt something once explained by religion, to be explained by science, and vice versa. Therefore, the ideas of science a nd ideas of religion can coexist. Darwin’s ideas remain superior because they are the most realistic, and they would most likely find more supporters, in both the religious and scientific communities. Literature Cited Marx, Karl. The Communist Manifesto. 1848. Penguin Group, 2011. Marx, Karl. Introduction. Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, by Marx. 1844, pp. 1. Philip Appleman, editor. Darwin. W. W. Norton Company, 2001.

The American Revolution And Womens Freedom Essay

The American Revolution (1775-1783) was a time of great change in America. American men were fighting for their right to be free from an oppressive ruler 3000 miles away. They wanted to have their say about what went on in their own country. America won the Revolution and its freedom, but while this was going on something else was happening. Internally changes were coming about too during all this fighting. The Revolution was the catalyst for women to make progress towards freedom. Women were making economic and political gains to further womens rights. While their husbands were away at war, the women had to work and take care of the home. Women who had never worked outside the home before had to work out in the field all day now, or†¦show more content†¦The fact is that women contributed to this inheritance by bringing their own money into the marriage, investing, and working themselves. The Revolution helped women in this respect in that when the men were gone women were a ble to open up their own businesses, mostly shops and taverns. When looking at political progress, no concrete evidence can be given to show that women were making progress. However, its more about how they perceived themselves in the political realm as compared to what we can see in books now. Female patriots were able to find particular expression in their support of the colonial boycott of tea and other items taxed by the Townshend Act of 1767. The male leaders of the boycott recognized that they needed womens cooperation to ensure that Americans would comply with the request to forgo the use of tea and luxury goods This marked a movement away from female noninvolvement in public affairs. In 1774, an agreement was signed by fifty-one female North Carolinians declaring their sincere adherence to the resolutions of the provincial congress and declared it their duty to do every thing as far as lies in our power to support the publick good. This was not taken seriously by the men, but it was the first time women were able to do something like this (actively participate in politics). For the first time, women were taking upon themselves a duty to work for the common good of America. Never before had they taken on theShow MoreRelatedSlavery And Women s Rights876 Words   |  4 Pagesnot pertain to African American slaves and women who struggled for freedom and rights as new citizens of the United States. Historians debate the role the Revolution played in both slavery and women’s rights. Some argue that it benefited the abolition of slavery and heightened the role of women in society while others say it muted these issues and in some cases made them worse. Yet, in actuality the truth may lie somewhere in between the argument, where both slavery and women’s rights were not at theRead MoreThe War Of Independence And The American Revolution1572 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"the shot heard ‘round the world† initiated the war for indepe ndence by the American colonists against the British. There were many reasons why the American Revolution came to be, but the two main reasons were for unjustified taxing acts against the colonists and to receive independence from their mother country England. In the Age of Revolution there were many wars taking place around the world and the American Revolution was one of them, the main objective of these wars was for the achievement ofRead MoreWhy Do Some Groups Have The Status That They Do?1230 Words   |  5 PagesWhy do some groups have the status that they do? On this planet, Revolutions have played a vital role in shaping the people, and for this reason, there have been countless changes. However, when analyzing the American Revolution, it brought little to no reform for African Americans, Native Americans, and women. Of the three, women would receive the biggest increase in status, followed by African Americans, and Native Americans would slip in rank. These groups would acquire some modification withRead MoreThe Equal Rights Of The Sexes Movement1196 Words   |  5 PagesWomen have been fighting the fight for women’s rights for a long time. In fact, evidence can be traced back centuries of women’s desire for equality. Specifically, women have fought for their rights in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The eighteenth century had its share of freedom supporters. The eighteenth century is a time of the included focus points of the daughters of liberty, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Judith Sargent Murray. Right after the revolution the country of America strived to findRead MoreThe Importance of Women Linda K. 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The main reason for the revolution seemed unjust and unfair to slaves since it mainly applied to white males and not to them. Then the market revolution in 1800-1840 and the anti-slavery movement in 1830s raised even more doubts for women as well as slaves regarding equality between genders andRead MoreThe Equal Rights Of The Sexes Movement1430 Words   |  6 PagesWomen have been fighting the fight for women’s rights for a long time. In fact, evidence can be traced back centuries of women’s desire for equality. Specifically, women have fought for their rights in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The eighteenth century had its share of freedom supporters. The eighteenth century is a time of the included focus points of the daughters of liberty, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Judith Sargent Murray. Right after the revolution the country of America strived to findRead MoreThe Revolutionary War Of Independence1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution which began as a War of Independence for American quickly transformed into a civil battle between the American patriots and loyalists joined by Indian forces. This war of independence, irrefutably, had a great effect on the citizens of America in varying degrees. The revolution, of course, gave a free rein to unforeseen political revolutions which often spark social revolutions. However, the American Revolution has foreseen the beginning of an abolitionist movement for AfricanRead MoreTo Be Woman in Post-Revolution America1468 Words   |  6 PagesWhat did the Revolution mean for the women of America? Some scholars say the Revol ution did little to change life for her at all, while others argue that the Revolution was the catalyst of change that paved the way for a more independent American woman. The argument of a woman’s property rights became a hot topic in the court systems of post-Revolution America. Women we key in raising productive members of society and the idea of Republican motherhood was born. In order to raise educated childrenRead MoreThe Role of Women during the Industrial Revolution Essay626 Words   |  3 PagesAfter the American Revolution, women began to have a say in what went on during their everyday lives or the lives of their children and husbands. A woman having her own say was something new for men to have to deal with, but they were willing to listen. Women do not get the right to vote nationally until the 1920s, but the start of their suffrage and political movement begins in the nineteenth century with the changing times of the Industrial Revolution and life after the A merican Revolution.

Communication Reflection - 845 Words

As we are getting closer to our time in the clinical setting and interactions with patients, reality is setting in that we’ll be working with real people now. Ones that have voices, some that aren’t always nice, or some that need a little bit more patience and understanding to get through a procedure. How are we supposed to deal with some of these challenging situations so that we and our patients end our time together with positive feelings? In clinical seminar, we were taught The Language of Caring to help with patient interactions because there may be times when it seems impossible to get the images accomplished. In addition to the lessons we were taught in class we had pediatric and geriatric interactions to help us learn what it†¦show more content†¦As Busboom(2017) states in his article, â€Å"The first thing I want my patients to know is that I’m invested in their care.† I felt this first-hand when I was visiting with the geriatric pat ient. He seemed very willing to sit and talk with me because I showed him I was there to listen to him by using eye contact, body language and position, asking questions back to him that were directly related to what he was talking to me about. This was a reassurance that I was there, listening. These were some of the tactics that we were taught during our The Language of Caring lessons in class and mentioned in the article, â€Å"Are We Listening?† Understanding that this area of work isn’t just dealing with adults, it is just as critical in the pediatric age group too. Back in 2014, my niece who was in first grade at the time had a bike riding accident and ended up breaking her right ulna very close to the elbow and I witnessed how The Language of Caring the nurses used with her, helped her stay calm when they were having to move her arm around to get a better positioning for her x-rays. She cried more when her grandmother realized her arm was broke, than she di d in the hospital as the nurses and doctors worked with her. I really enjoyed the article â€Å"Effective Communication During Pediatric Examinations† because it explained how to work with children in a clinical setting. Something that the Language of CaringShow MoreRelatedReflection Of Communication And Communication1152 Words   |  5 Pages The first resources that I’ve learned from this course are using the multiple job websites online, we’ve had excellent communication between classmates on how we can benefit from using these sites out and look for specific jobs in our area. This will assist in work as a counselor because it will help in my networking about the city I currently work in and learning about how to make my resume stick out. The second fact that I’ve learned in this course is finding balance in your life so that youRead MoreEssay on Communication Reflection1228 Words   |  5 Pagesworkplace, do everything that I can to create a se nse of team, establish a good line of communication, involve everyone in the decision-making process, and develop a common goal (Peterson, 2007). Contributing to the Team Dynamics Once I knew my team members, to relieve my personal anxiety and address my bias, I took the initiative to send out an email to create a positive team atmosphere and encourage communication amongst the team (Greg, 2006). Within the first day, one of the team members took theRead MoreReflection On Interpersonal Communication1724 Words   |  7 Pageswhen we talked about non-verbal communication, I realized that it is impossible to not communicate. There are many activities, other than the use of language, that allow us to draw meaning from something we observe. When my mother widens her eyes at me without stating a word, I understand she is telling me to think twice about the action I’m about to take. It has been great to be able to assign concepts and vocabulary to interpersonal relationships and communication activity that I have been experiencingRead MoreCommunication Skills Reflection Paper1384 Words   |  6 PagesREFLECTIVE WRITING This essay is a reflection of my communication skills as shown in the attached video. I will reflect on the communication skills used, its effectiveness and ineffectiveness. Reflection aims at improving patient care and as part of the process, I will consider own future developmental needs and how this will help me in future. Ghaye and Lillyman (2010) defined reflection as a changing process for individual and their action. The communication skills demonstrated in the video areRead MoreCommunication Reflection Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesand casual dating relationship, we have experienced a fair amount of verbal and nonverbal communication. Our relational communication has brought along strengths and weaknesses that will become better after applying principles learned through a deeper understanding and analyzation of Social Penetration Theory, Expectancy Violations Theory, and conflict styles. Strengths Corbin and I have had good communication ever since we started to self-disclose more information about our lives to each other (GuerreroRead MoreCultural Communication Reflection Paper2206 Words   |  9 PagesThere were also smaller terms that dealt with the overall term. The terms I decided were the most that I found interesting and helpful. These terms helped me learn something out of this class, I never would of thought of specific ways of cultural communication is different for many. Understanding terms and talking about them in real life situations in class, was helpful to understanding these terms. They’re 6 key terms that are going to be explained, how they apply to class or life situation with myselfRead MoreCommunication Reflection734 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the course of our lectures, I was exposed to a vast array of knowledge that contradicted misconceptions that often went unquestioned. For example, the majority of university courses reinforce the noti on of information assimilation and solely use this method of teaching. As a result, I blindly accepted the superiority of information assimilation over other teaching strategies. However, this course revealed the deficits within information assimilation and further enlightened students regardingRead MoreCommunication Reflection1068 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication II, only the first of many I will endure, was a successful one. This course was to make us better writers, and I certainly have improved. In this progress report, I will be discussing my strength and weakness, summary and respond by both audience and professor, and ways I learn to properly and effectively write each major reports, and my writing has improved in many ways. Strength This semester I was able to learn how to critically think through process of writing in ways I did notRead MoreCommunication Reflection1225 Words   |  5 Pagesother side, I need to express my idea strongly. Therefore, it makes me to consider about the proper way of communication and its importance. Communication does not only simply mean talking but also listening carefully to others. Therefore, communication is a way to help us build the relationship with others. In the business class, our professor has talked about â€Å"communication†. Communication is a really crucial role in workplaces that everyone has to face. Whatever you are the employees, executivesRead MoreCommunications Reflection Paper : Communication781 Words   |  4 PagesCommunications Reflection Paper Ethan Martin October 5 2015 Through a bullhorn, this world proclaims, â€Å"God is dead†. Under it’s breath, the earth whispers, â€Å"...at the very least, he is unplugged.†. Wholeheartedly I believe, as a result of my probing and questioning, these statements are simply untrue. Not only is He alive, the whole universe declares God to be a connected and loving being. Evidence to support God’s existence is unveiled through His communication towards us as a people

Hinduism Paper Hum free essay sample

The Hindu religion is a massive collaboration of teachings, beliefs, ceremonies, rituals, and deities. Sanatana Dharma is another way to describe Hinduism because Sanatana describes the eternal, and Dharma describes ageless. This reflects the belief that the truths of Hinduism have always existed. It includes such a variety of expressions that it is difficult to define Hinduism proper. It encompasses the extremes of abstinence and sensuality, deity devotion and philosophical abstraction, and also major differences in the material and metaphysical world.The commonality of many of the systems that Hinduism is based, are the Vedas. They are the ancient metaphysical teachings that are said not to have been written by humans. The three parts are the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas and the Upanishads. The most practiced systems of Hinduism that relate to the Vedas are Samkhya, Advaita, Vedanta, and yoga. Many cultural and societal influences have become the foundation of Indian society because of the Vedic age. We will write a custom essay sample on Hinduism Paper Hum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the Vedic age, Brahmins were priests and philosophers that had to maintain spiritual purity so the orderly workings of society divided the people into castes. The Brahmins were at the top because of their spiritual and holy place. Next there was the nobility class which included kings, warriors and vassals. They protected society as a whole and functioned as the government. Vaishayas were basically the business class. Mostly white collar workers, economists, businessmen, farmers and merchants all filled this class. The next class, the shudra, was artisans and manual laborers.A fifth class had developed over time which would be considered the poorest class. The untouchables, as they were known, held mainly the worst jobs of waste management and street sweeping which made them literally untouchable. The Vedic tradition over time had been evolving into a controlling entity instead of a religion. It was becoming increasingly controlled by the Brahmins and the caste system became hereditary. The castes system itself had become just as important as the original teachings of the Vedas for several centuries.Not until Ghandi had anyone truly challenged the system and renamed the untouchables to, â€Å"the children of God. † The deep rooted programming of the caste system still resides today and dictates whether or not people will get married even though it has been abolished since the 1940’s. Hinduism influences their society in a few other ways as well. For example, some families choose a Caesarean section in order to select the best time for their child to be born due to the fact that the ancient practice of astrology is so highly regarded.The desire to be released from the earthly experience has to do with escaping the ever-present presence of karma. Karma is circular and simply put, universal justice. Being born, dying and being reborn in order to learn the lessons presented before us can be an infinite trip. The ultimate goal, that is to separate from the infinite karma into the upper levels of the self and higher consciousness, just seems to make sense. References: Mary Pat Fisher, (2005), Living Religions, (6th ed. ), Prentice-Hall, Pearson Education

Personal Approach to Counseling Essay Example

Personal Approach to Counseling Essay Personal Approach to Counseling Todd J. Schmenk, M. Ed. Rhode Island College Author Note Todd J, Schmenk, M. Ed. , Department of Counseling, Educational Leadership, and School Psychology Department, Feinstein School of Education and Human Development, Rhode Island College. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Todd J. Schmenk, M. Ed. , Department of Counseling, Educational Leadership, and School Psychology Department, Feinstein School of Education and Human Development, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908 E-mail: [emailprotected] om 1. Key Concepts In dealing with individuals and in my experience and studies over the years I have come to the conclusion that a person’s development and interactions with the world is a compilation of internal adaptations to external stimulus. As the philosopher Ken Wilber put it â€Å" A person’s network-logic is a dialectic (an investingating or discussing the truth of opinions) of whole and part. As many d etails as possible are checked; then a tentative big picture is assembled; it is checked against further details, and the big picture readjusted. And so on indefinitely, with ever more details constantly altering the big picture—and vice versa. † (Wilber, 2000, Loc. 213-15) Drawing upon this broad but key ideology, any approach to counseling or psychotherapy, in my opinion, would have to be sure to address these internal processes and conclusions in order to help an individual deal with and achieve balance when an imbalance has occurred. In order to do so, this would mean incorporating upon several of the key components of made by astute individuals who have helped to define the various aspects of these processes. Of great influence to my approach would be Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development which considers the impact of external factors from family, specifically the parents, to cultural and societal influences and their effects on an individual’s personality (ego) development from childhood to adulthood. According to Erikson’s theory, every person must pass through a series of eight interrelated stages over the entire life cycle. (Arlene F Harder, 2011) At each transition, there is the possibility that the individual may falter and develop less than optimal approaches for dealing with external stimuli. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Approach to Counseling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Approach to Counseling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Approach to Counseling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Going a step further in identification and specificity of those external influences and their effects on an individuals ego development are the works of Dr. Clare Grave, Dr. Chris Cowen, and Dr. Donald Beck, who have compiled their observations in their theory which they refer to as â€Å"Spiral Dynamics†. Dr. Graves in the early 1950’s refered to this new emerging approach to human understanding as a biopsycho-social system. In his words he defined the term as: â€Å"Bio† for the neurology and chemical energy of life and the organismic part of us. The â€Å"Psycho† for the variables of personality and life expereinces, our temperments and sense of self and relationships to others, the â€Å"Social† for the collective energy in group dynamics and culture as the interpersonal domain influences human behavior in collective settings ranging from small groups and families to corporations and entire societies, and the â€Å"System† for the interdependence and action/reaction of these three upon one another in a coherent whole according to principles laid out in General Systems theory and other approaches to how things work and interact. (Cowen, Todorovic, Lee, 2001) Or in more simple terms: â€Å"Briefly, what I am proposing is that the psychology of the mature human being is an unfolding, emergent, oscillating, spiraling process, marked by progressive subordination of older, lower-order behavior systems to newer, higher-order systems as man’s existential problems change. † (Graves, 1959) Where Er ikson, Graves, Beck, Cowen and a good number of other therapists saw he quantifyable development of human beings as the unfolding of stages, I also look to Ken Wilber who has devised a â€Å"Integral Theory† that looks for underlying connections between all these pieces of the same puzzle, drawing upon the available schools of thought in psychology, religion, philosphy, and other related fields, in an attempt to relate them to each other. One of Wilber’s greatest contributions to the field of psychology and counseling is by demonstrating that the various practitioners have all been studying several lines of development, yet collapsing these observations together as if they were one. By doing so, creating illisionary camps of opposing thought that are believed to be mutually exclusive. Wilber has shown that all of these lines coexist and need to be acknowledged in order for the treatment to have a larger impact. This is not to say that all approaches to pyschotherapy do this, many of the newer theories and approaches to therapy have begun to see and adapt this idea pulling from various modes of applications, such as dialectical, but few do this as broadly. An example of this can be seen in the following illustration: [pic] Wilber explains: And there are multiple paths or lines of development. It has been demonstrated that each level of development has a different worldview, with different perceptions, modes of space and time, and moral motivations (discoveries upon which the work of researchers from Maslow to Kohlberg to Loevinger to Gilligan would depend); he showed that reality is not simply given but is in many important ways constructed. (Wilber, 2000, loc 577-82) Given this explaination, Freud’s view could be seen and the identification of the psycho-sexual line of development, whereas Maslow focused on the needs line , Grave focus on an individual’s world-view, and Gilligan focused on the line of ego development. All equally important. Given this, my intake form that an individual would fill out combined with information collected during sessions should provide the basis from where to move forward in choosing the appropriate psychotherautic model for treatment increasing the effectivess and positive outcome in alleviating the individual’s current condition. This conclusion is echoed in this course’s text in that â€Å" Effective theories are grounded in an understanding of human development. They provide a framework for gathering and organizing information and exploring personality. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, loc. 972-73) Since I have the most experience in dealing with individuals drawing from health education and promotion theories that are similar to Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) methods, this would be the area I would most often begin. In SFBT, one of the core objectives â€Å" is to increase people’s hope and optimism by creating expectancy for change, n o matter how small. In this way, people become more aware of what is working rather than what is not. † (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, loc. 1000) Often times I have found that when people seek my services, they do so because something has changed, yet they are unaware of such a change, and that that change has been percieved as a negative effect by that individual. A common example of this is a person in their late 20’s or early 30’s who is distressed over a sudden increase in weight. There are many factors that can contribute to this, but a common theme I have observed is that the individual had continued to eat as if they were still an athlete, a teenager, or in their early 20’s. Their eating habits remained constant, however, their activity levels and the stage of their body’s development (they are no longer growing) have not, having an undesirable and unintentional impact. While this example is dealing with obersavable behaviors (activity, nutrition), the same can also be applied to an individuals mental constructs, schema’s, or beliefs. People often relate present expereinces with ones that look similar to what they have encountered in the past, yet the course their responses produces different results. One of the other great strengths is that SFBT focuses on the present and the future rather that on the past and allows an individual to focus on positive change. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, Loc. 10986-87) This would be especially important in the first few sessions since I would want to alleviate the immediate cause of distress. Using the above example, looking at the person’s belief and coming up with goals, such as using a nutrition journal to increase awareness, would be a good place to begin. Even small insights based upon this simple exercise can greatly motivate and increase this individual’s expectancy for further changes. Next I would turn to Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) because of its structure and its use of reason to challenge irrational beliefs. I love the outline presented in the class text because, in my experience, I have found that having a plan tends to increase the likelihood of compliance and therefore success. The typical session will almost always include the following tens steps 1. Review old business from the previous session – if it is the first session, than I would review the intake form to ensure accuracy and begin to develop the therapeutic alliance. 2. Check up on the mood, behavior, symptoms, and medication. 3. Elicit new business, especially and major life changes 4. Follow up on homework 5. Establish the agenda for the sessions 6. Do the work according to the ABCDEF format 7. Summarize the work that was done 8. Assign new homework 9. Obtain feedback on the session 10. Close the session (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, loc. 8046): This is not to say that I would be inflexible and if the situation presented itself, would even incorporate the use of Carl Roger’s more free-flowing client centered approach, but I would not start a session off that way. I have tried this type of approach and have found that for an individual who is looking for an immediate solution and possibly some guidance, that type of approach if used right from the start can be frustrating and de-motivating. I would also use the concepts found within REBT to help teach clients about rational and irrational thinking so that they could identify, dispute, and modify their irrational beliefs. By doing so, the individual should be able to develop a more rational and integrated approach to life. Unlike SFBT, which focuses on goal setting and problem solving, REBT dictates that I would need to go beyond this approach to enable the individual to establish more balanced, logical, and rewarding lives. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc. 7968) For emotionally based complaints that do not seem to be able to be addressed using SFBT and REBT, I would consider utilizing an emerging approach that has some components of Gestalt therapy, but it also based heavily on the concepts of Freud’s work called Core Energetics. The work of Core Energetics requires that clients want to dissolve their original wounds and evolve into their authentic selves, heart and soul. It is an emotional focused practice. It first appeared in the 70’s introduced by Dr. Pierrakos who had based this new methodology upon observations made by Wilhelm Reich, a colleague and disciple of Freud, about the connection between the body and psychological/emotional health and dysfunction. Black, 2004, 120-23) He believed that his clients’ bodies were tensed and distorted as a result of blocked energy and used physical approaches to alleviate or encourage an emotional discharge that often produced insight in to what was bothering them. I have experienced this type of therapy and have found it useful, especially when I was not completely aware of what was truly bothering me, though I would need further training before I was comfortable in implementing this type of approach. 2. Signs of Change As I worked with an individual there would be signs that I would be looking for that would help identify if my approach was having the desired effect. As reflected in our text: As they become cognizant of the possibilities for positive change, their empowerment and motivation increase correspondingly, creating a beneficial circle; positive change fuels people’s belief that change can happen, which enhances their motivation and efforts to change, which in turn leads to more positive changes. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, loc. 11001) When it comes to SFBT, simple indications would be compliance, the client creating and meeting the goals that were agreed upon, an increased motivation to be in action, and their reported belief that they were getting something out of our sessions. When it came to REBT, one of the advantages of the approach is the scaled questions that would be attached to their irrational beliefs. Those issues causing the most turmoil should be seen over time to diminish moving down scale on a scale of 1 – 10, where 10 would be most distressful to 1 being the least. If I find that the individual is still holding on to these irrational beliefs and being negatively affected by them, it would be because that they are still active and the individual was still using them (still unaware) and an adjustment would be made. Two other themes I would look for in working with the individual would be self-acceptance and awareness. The REBT approach â€Å"suggests that emotional difficulties often are found in people with conditional self-acceptance and that they value themselves because of their accomplishments rather than because of their basic worth as a person. † (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. 5828-30) In other words, for many, when they have a set-back or fail at something, they believe it is because they are bad or a failure. (conditions of self-worth) Those who were able to differentiate and see these differences (and display behaviors congruent with their statements) I would see as both making progress and as becoming more self-aware. By being aw are of their approaches to life, they would then be able to make changes, become fully self-expressed or authentic in the moment and see the possibilities available to them. . The Role of the Therapist and the Nature of the therapist-client relationship Given my experience over the last 15 years in dealing with individuals with a variety of health concerns and now moving to a more broad based look at an individual’s over-all mental health and its effect on those health issues, my approach and role in a therapist-client relationship would tend to be eclectic, integrating different treatment strategies as needed. Interactions and assessments with the individual would help to clarify what is most likely the main issue and which counseling theory or theories and the tools provided in each would best increase the chances for the most favorable outcome. With that being said – all of my approaches would begin by ensuring the strong development of a therapeutic alliance as illustrated by several of the fields most prominent therapists since the formalization of this idea by Carl Rogers. Therapist traits such as empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence (or being genuine with a client) create the conditions necessary to develop a more effective alliance between clinician and client. Therapy sessions then primarily act as a place where an individual can explore uncomfortable emotional experiences and learn or relearn more constructive ways of dealing with them. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc 1186) Even though the initial approach to REBT and SFBT tend to be more structured and more formal, it is still possible to create a warm, safe space or clearing within these contexts in order to foster re-education, insight, reframing, challenging irrational beliefs, and personal growth. By doing so it is almost inevitable that change will occur and that it will â€Å"have a ripple effect on many aspects of the client’s life. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc 11142) In REBT and SFBT the therapist often assumes many roles such as an educator, a mentor, a role model, and a coach using a wide variety of interventions, tools, and resources. Some of these tools I would bring into sessions would be identifying the situations and utilizing the three column technique, using a dysfunctional thought log or other journal and asking questions like â€Å"Between now and our first session, I want you to notice the things that happen to you that you would like to keep happening in the future? † or â€Å"What changes have occurred since the person first made the appointment? † all the time utilizing active listening skills, portraying empathy, offering reassurance, and making suggestions when they are relevant. When I was in session, I would keep all the above in mind in regards to the following: Current research suggests that treatment approaches and interventions are just one factor in producing change. In a landmark study, Miller, Duncan, and Hubble (1997) found that clients attributed 40% of the change they experienced in treatment to extratherapeutic factors (including people’s internal resources and events in their lives), 30% to the therapist–client relationship, 15% to particular techniques and interventions, and 15% percent to their hope and expectation of positive change. Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc 1043) which demonstrates the power of the therapeutic alliance and the need to be seen as both an expert, a guide, an advocate, and as most importantly, another human being just like them. 4. Goals Given the processes of the therapies I would tend to implement, I believe that the amount of sessions that would be needed in order to achieve the desired outcome and to alleviate their current concerns would be six to eight sessions with 80% of clients concluding treatment by the 20th session and most of their positive changes occurring by the 8th session. Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc. 11093) Before meeting with the client and then continuing the practice before any sequential sessions, I would use a decision tree to determine what interventions to use next with my client. Part of REBT is starting each session off by checking in with them to see what was happening in their life and what they wished to see happen more often to move towards major life changes. One of the major concepts of REBT is that Clinicians teach clients about rational and irrational thinking; help people identify, dispute, and modify their irrational beliefs; and facilitate their efforts to develop a more rational philosophy of life. Although problem solving is part of treatment, REBT clinicians go beyond problem solving and enable people to establish more balanced, logical, and rewarding lives. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, Loc. 8079-82) This would be done using the six-step ABCDEF structured format that would meet the requirements described above. In brief – we would look to identify the external source of discomfort, take a look at the belief about that stimulus and its effect, look at the consequences the belief was having on their life, devise ways to dispute this belief, what the effect would be once the belief had been realigned, and an exploration of the new feelings and behaviors that would be a result of this process. (ensuring motivation) (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc. 8084-8138) Other tools I described earlier would be the use of behavioral tracking and awareness enhancing practices such as a log or journal. When it comes to SFBT, some of the most important interventions would be the use of the miracle question which would implement the use of scaling to measure change and the use of suggested solutions, but would also focus on identifying exceptions, looking for places in a person life where things worked. For instance, if a person was having a difficult time and was feeling burned out because of the work requirements, exploration of times when they had a good day and what they did differently should provide their own solution to the kind of plan that should be developed further in order to have that exception become the norm. If the person had a difficult time identifying such a situation, there is where SFBT would tend to suggest activities to help the person identify such solutions or suggest ways they could try to alter the situation. Simple questions like â€Å"What is different about the times when the difficulty does not happen? †, When is the problem less severe? , and How is that different from the way you handled this the last time it occurred? † (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, Loc 11155) would all be ways to explore this further and find the individuals strengths or effective ways in which they have dealth with similar situation before. Once identified, those traits and skills would be exemplified and then practiced so that they become a new behavior. Tony Schwartz, the author of The Power of Full Engagement: Managing Energy, Not Time, Is the Key to High Performance and Personal Renewal has broadened this approach laying out the four main areas that an individual should look when trying to create new rituals, ones that will over-ride and replace older dysfunctional approaches. He focuses on the following: At the same time, we must build the four underlying capacities that make excellence possible: strength and endurance (physical), high positive energy (emotional), control of attention (mental), and a compelling sense of purpose (spiritual). (Schwartz, 2005, Loc. 143) What is so great about this book is that it addresses many of the main issues around performance, whether it is at work or in dealing with the family and aligns well with both REBT and SFBT. The main underlying message in the book could be summed up best by â€Å"It’s not the number of hours we work that determines how much value we create. Rather it’s the quantity and quality of energy we bring to whatever hours we work. † (Schwartz, 2005, Loc 161) This enderlying theme echos the beliefs of both systems. From a REBT perspective – it addresses the â€Å"performance equals worth† irrational belief and from a SFBT it focuses on the positive aspects and strengths an individual uses to maintain their energy levels, including understanding what values are of the upmost importance to them. 5. How this approach might apply to diverse groups Given that every individual – regardless of race, culture, gender, or orientation would need to proceed through the same stages of development and face similar transitional challenges at each stage, I believe that my approach would be useful in most therapy situations that were targeted at mid to high functioning individuals. I do not see this approach as being as effective with those who have a compromised perception of reality such as those who are currently in a psychopathic state, but even there this approach may be useful once those individuals have been stabilized. SFBT and REBT are both mental approaches to dealing with current issues which are both cross-cultural both in their acceptance and application. Since some cultures are more sensitive to talking about their emotions, my approach, using these methodologies should help to alleviate and overcome this cultural reluctance. When it comes to cross-cultural or diverse populations, I also include gender communication differences, religious orientation, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and even political. Both methodologies have been shown to be effective in dealing with such diversity. With that being said, given that I am a white male, coming from German-Slavic culture, with a hetero-sexual orientation, a higher level of education, and more of an urban ideology, I would expect that this perception may also be seen as a weakness in dealing with some individuals, especially depending upon why they were seeking my services in the first place. For instance, a woman suffering from mental issues surrounding a traumatic experience, such as rape, would most likely not do well with me – at least initially. Those coming from a Hispanic or other cultural orientation, or even a strong specific religious or philosophical background may also be turned off since I do not fall into their perceived notion of being able to relate. Of course, utilizing the therapeutic alliance and even addressing these concerns right from the start should help to alleviate these concerns. Also – the language barrier would certainly have a negative impact in that if communication was weak, it would reinforce the cultural divide not to mention have a profound effect on how well the individual and I could relate. In those cases, I would simply refer the individual to someone within the counseling network to whom I would believe this person would do best with. 6. Limitations and strengths of your approach The strengths, weakness, and limitations of my approach would be the same as those apparent in the tools that I would employ in most cases. SFBT can be too quick to identify with the presenting problem and therefore missing the greater importance or that a solution would need to be reached in a relatively short period of time could have a negative impact on outcomes. REBT may not be as useful with individuals who have a difficult time separating their emotional responses from their thoughts or the belief or expectation that therapy should be unstructured, focus on insights, and the need to explore the causes of their current state of mind could also undermine the entire process. While common complaints for Erikson’s approach being that it focuses too much upon the social implications, ignoring the biological influences of personality and physical dimension and for having been derived with more of a male gender bias. However, by utilizing the integral framework devised by Ken Wilber and using the four quadrant approach to cover all the bases of the internal individual self (locus of control), the biological effect on personality and displayed behaviors, the cultural effect on the individuals belief system, and the social structures and laws which tend to reinforce these effects should help to alleviate or negate these effects leaving only the strengths or the best of each approach to having the greatest influence upon the sessions, the individual, and the possible outcomes being pursued. The strengths of all these approaches would be that they are all cognitive or rational approaches to dealing with current issues which have empirical data to back up their claims as solid approaches to working with individuals in the alleviation of their problems. Also, as backed by our class text, â€Å"SFBT has also been easily integrated with other theories, including cognitive behavioral, REBT, Adlerian, and reality therapy† (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc. 8094) leaving me to believe that this approach would indeed have the outcomes and positive interations I would hope to see. Finally, many of the strengths, weakness, and limitations would be my own internal belief systems and my level of comfort in working with certain populations as well as any life events that I might be expereincing when working with any population plus my own specific preferences. Continued therapuetic work, I believe, would be essential in both expereincing the approaches first hand as well as addressing any irrational beliefs that I may have. Works Cited Arlene F Harder, M. M. (2011). Support4change. com. Retrieved 2012, from Supportforchange. om: http://www. support4change. com/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=47Itemid=108 Beck, E. B. , Cowen, C. (1996). Spiral Dynamics: Mastering Values, Leadership and Change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Black, S. (2004). A Way of Life: Core Energetics. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse. Kindle version Cowen, C. , Todorovic, N. , Lee, W. R. (2001). Clarewgraves. com/Theory. Retrieved from Clarewgraves. com: http://www. clarewgraves. com/home. html Graves, D. C. (1959). An Emergent Theory of Ethical Behavior Based Upon an Epigentic Model. Historical Collection of the work of Dr. Clare W. Graves of William R. Lee,, 12. Schwartz, T. (2005). The Power of Full Engagement: Managing Energy, Not Time, Is the Key to High Performance and Personal Renewal. NY, NY: The Free Press. Kindle version Seligman, L. , Reichenberg, L. (2010). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy; systems, stra tegies, and skills (Kindle Version). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Kindle version Wilber, K. (2000). Integral Psychology: Consciousness, Spirit, Psychology, Therapy. Boston: Shambhala Publications. Kindle version